Not all registered pesticides are listed. The following are listed alphabetically. When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to environmental impact, resistance management, the pesticide's properties, and application timing. Tank mixes may be necessary to achieve desired control; see Susceptibility of Weeds to Herbicide Control for information on specific weed control. Always read the label of the product being used.
PREPLANT
EPTC
3.1 lb a.i.
(Eptam 7E)
3.5 pts
12
100
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15
COMMENTS: For suppression of nutsedge and groundsel. Apply 3.5 pints through sprinklers in the initial germination water or mechanically incorporate prior to planting. Can make two additional sprinkler applications during the germination period. Material should be applied during the final stage of the irrigation cycle and no more than 10.5 pints may be applied per crop.
GLYPHOSATE
1–4.4 lb a.i.
(Roundup PowerMax)
1–3.3 qt
4
NA
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9
COMMENTS: A nonselective, foliar herbicide applied to premade beds before planting to kill emerged weeds. Allow 3 days after treatment before planting. Use the lower rate for annual grasses and weeds, the higher rate on perennial weeds. Consult the label for specific recommendations on particular weed species. Do not apply to weeds stressed for moisture. For perennial weeds, allow 7 days after application before cultivating.
METAM SODIUM*
159.8–319.5 lb a.i.
(Vapam HL)
37.5–75 gal
120 (5 days)
NA
COMMENTS: Soil should be free of large clods and irrigated about 2 weeks before application of the metam sodium. For flood applications, meter metam into water continuously throughout the entire irrigation. Sprinkler applications are much quicker; after running the sprinklers 5–10 minutes to moisten the soil surface and to be sure the system is working properly, inject the total amount of metam into the pump in about 20 minutes, then shut off the system. In any chemigation system, it is very important to have controls in place to prevent water flowing backward into the uncontaminated water source. Fumigants such as metam sodium are a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) but are minimally reactive with other air contaminants that form ozone.
PARAQUAT*
0.67–1.40 lb a.i.
(Gramoxone SL 3.0)
1.3–2.7 pt
24
See label
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22
COMMENTS: A nonselective foliar herbicide that kills emerged weeds. Can be used before planting or after planting, but before the crop emerges. Any crop plants exposed to the spray will be killed, even germinating seed in the crook stage. No soil residual activity. Use the lower rate on small broadleaf weeds, the higher rate on larger weeds and grasses. Highly toxic if ingested, inhaled, or exposed through dermal contact; wear protective clothing. More active on warm, sunny days.
TRIFLURALIN
0.5–1 lb a.i.
(Treflan HFP)
1-2 pt
12
NA
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
COMMENTS: Controls annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Incorporate mechanically into the top 2 to 3 inches of the final seedbed. The lower rates are recommended on sandy soil; however, crop tolerance is excellent.
POSTPLANT
Before the crop emerges
LINURON
0.5–1 lb a.i.
(Lorox DF)
1–2 lb
24
14
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 7
COMMENTS: Apply after planting, incorporate with sprinklers. Will control many broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. A postemergence treatment is also allowed but must not exceed a total of 3 lb linuron/acre per year.
PENDIMETHALIN
0.95 lb a.i.
(Prowl H2O)
2 pt
24
60
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
COMMENTS: Apply before crop and weeds emerge.
PROMETRYN
1–2 lb a.i.
(Caparol 4L)
2–4 pt
48 (2 days)
30
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 5
COMMENTS: Apply after planting, activate with sprinklers. Will control many broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. A postemergence treatment is also allowed but must not exceed a total of 4 pt prometryn/acre per crop cycle.
S-METOLACHLOR
0.64–1.927 lb a.i.
(Dual Magnum)
0.67–1.33 pt
24
NA
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 15
COMMENTS: For control of yellow nutsedge. Make a single broadcast application preplant incorporated, preplant surface applied, or preemergence to clean-tilled soil. Use lower rates on coarse-textured soils and higher rates on heavier soils. Read the label carefully for further details on the use of this material.
TRIFLURALIN
0.5–1 lb a.i.
(Trifluralin HF)
1–2 pt
12
NA
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3
COMMENTS: Apply through irrigation after sowing to prevent weed germination.. See label for plantback restrictions.
After the crop emerges
CLETHODIM
0.091-0.121 lb a.i.
(Select Max)
12–16 fl oz
24
30
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1
COMMENTS: Controls annual bluegrass in the 2- to 3-leaf stage as well as other annual and some perennial grasses. Do not apply through any type of irrigation system. Always apply with a crop oil concentrate. Use higher rate on perennial grasses.
FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL
0.25–0.37 lb a.i.
(Fusilade DX)
16–24 fl oz
12
45
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1
COMMENTS: A selective foliar herbicide for control of grasses. A surfactant (crop oil concentrate or nonionic surfactant) is recommended. Safe to the crop. Not effective on drought-stressed grasses or on certain species (e.g., annual bluegrass, sprangletop). Do not apply more than 48 fl oz/acre per season.
LINURON
0.5–1 lb a.i.
(Lorox DF)
1.5–3 lb
24
14
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 7
COMMENTS: May be applied twice, first when the crop is 3 inches tall. Good control of emerged broadleaf weeds, small grasses, and suppression of yellow nutsedge. Total per season must not exceed 3 lb/acre (or 1.5 lb a.i./acre).
METRIBUZIN
0.25 lb a.i.
(Tricor DF)
0.33 lb
12
60
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 5
PROMETRYN
1–2 lb a.i.
(Caparol 4L)
2–4 pt
48 (2 days)
30
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 5
COMMENTS: Apply after planting, incorporate with sprinklers. Will control many broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. Must not exceed a total of 4 pt prometryn/acre per crop cycle.
SETHOXYDIM
0.09–0.46 lb a.i.
(Poast)
0.5–2.5 pt
12
30
WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1
COMMENTS: A selective foliar herbicide for control of grasses. A surfactant (crop oil concentrate or nonionic surfactant) is recommended. Safe to the crop. Not effective on drought-stressed grasses or certain species (e.g., annual bluegrass, sprangletop).
‡
Restricted entry interval (REI) is the number of hours (unless otherwise noted) from treatment until the treated area can be safely entered without protective clothing. Preharvest interval (PHI) is the number of days from treatment to harvest. In some cases, the REI exceeds the PHI. The longer of the two intervals is the minimum time that must elapse before harvest.
1
Group numbers are assigned by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) according to different modes of action. Although weeds may exhibit multiple resistance across many groups, mode-of-action numbers are useful in planning mixtures or rotations of herbicides with different modes of action.
*
Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use.
§
Do not exceed the maximum rates allowed under the California Code of Regulations Restricted Materials Use Requirements, which may be lower than maximum label rates.
Text Updated: 04/24
Treatment Table Updated: 04/24