| Fungicide | Resistance risk (FRAC group number)1 | Alternaria late blight | Botrytis blossom & shoot blight | Botryosphaeria panicle & shoot blight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adament | medium (3/11)3 | 5 | 3 | 4/5 |
| Aproach | high (11)2, 3 | ND | 4 | ND |
| Bravo, Chlorothalonil, Echo | low (M 05) | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Bumper**, Tilt | high (3) | 3 | 2 | 35 |
| Cabrio | high (11)2, 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Cevya | high (3) | 5 | 5 | 45 |
| Elevate | high (17)3 | ND | 5 | ND |
| Flint Extra | high (11)2, 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Fontelis | high (7) | 5 | 5 | 4/5 |
| Inspire Super | medium (3/9) | 3 | 4 | 4/5 |
| K-Phite | low (P 07/33) | ND | ND | 4/5 |
| Luna Experience | medium (3/7) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Luna Sensation | medium (7/11)3 | 54 | 5 | 5 |
| Merivon | high (7/11) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Mibelya | medium (3/7) | 5 | ND | 4 |
| Miravis Duo | medium (3/7) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Miravis Prime | medium (7/12) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Parade* | high (7) | ND | 4 | ND |
| Ph-D | medium (19) | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| Pristine | high (7/11)3 | 54 | 5 | 5 |
| Quadris (Abound discontinued) | high (11)2, 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Quadris Top | medium (3/11)3 | 4 | 0 | 4/5 |
| Quash | high (3) | 5 | 4 | 45 |
| Quilt Xcel, Avaris 2XS | medium (3/11)3 | 5 | 0 | 4/5 |
| Regev | medium (3/BM 01) | 3 | 3 | 4/5 |
| Scala | high (9)3 | 3 | 4 | 46 |
| Switch | high (9/12)3 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Tebucon, Teb, Toledo, Tebuconazole** | high (3) | 4 | 2 | 45 |
| Tesaris, Sercadis** | high (7) | 4 | ND | 4 |
| Topsin-M, T-Methyl, Incognito, Cercobin**7 | high (1) | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Vangard | high (9)3 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Velum One | high (7) | 3 (NL) | NL | NL |
| Viathon | medium (3, P 07/33) | 5 | 2 | 55 |
| Organic treatments | ||||
| Actinovate | low (BM 02) | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Copper | low (M 01) | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Liquid lime sulfur8 | low (M 02) | 0 | 0 | Dormant 1, Delayed Dormant 2 |
| Regalia | low (P 05) | 2 | 0 | 28 |
| Theia | low (BM 02) | 3 | ND | 3 |
Rating: 5 = excellent and consistent, 4 = good and reliable, 3 = moderate and variable, 2 = limited and/or erratic, 1 = minimal and often ineffective, 0 = ineffective, NL = not on label, ND = no data, and NC = not coded in FRAC.
| * | Registration pending in California. |
| ** | Not registered, label withdrawn or inactive in California |
| 1 | Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions. Fungicides with a different group number are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program (for more information see www.frac.info). In California, make no more than one application of fungicides with mode-of-actions with high resistance risk before rotating to a fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number; for other fungicides, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number. |
| 2 | Field resistance of Alternaria spp. to Quadris (Abound) and to other strobilurin fungicides (Flint Extra and Cabrio) is widespread in pistachio orchards. |
| 3 | To reduce the risk of resistance development, start treatments with a fungicide with a multi-site mode of action; rotate or mix fungicides with different mode of action FRAC group numbers for subsequent applications, use labeled rates (preferably the upper range), and limit the total number of applications per season. |
| 4 | Resistance to the SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor) boscalid has been detected in high levels (80–90%) in some orchards; Pristine should not be applied if resistance to this fungicide is detected in an orchard. Cross-resistance of SDHI fungicides (FRAC group 7) may occur. |
| 5 | Do not apply Bumper/Tilt (propiconazole) within 60 days of harvest, Quash (metconazole) within 25 days of harvest, Tebucon/Teb/Toledo/Viathon (tebuconazole fungicides) within 35 days before harvest or Cevya (mefentrifluconazole) with 14-day before harvest (PHI intervals). |
| 6 | Under low and moderate disease pressure. |
| 7 | Registered for bloom treatment only. |
| 8 | Dormant treatments and/or delayed dormant |
Acknowledgment: Adaskaveg et al., 2025. Fungicides, Bactericides, Biocontrols, and Natural Products for Deciduous Tree Fruit and Nut, Citrus, Strawberry, and Vine Crops in California.