| Bactericide | Resistance risk (FRAC group number)1,5 |
Fire blight4 | Phytotoxicity7 | Plant growth regulator/SAR |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contact | systemic | ||||
| Actinovate | low (BM 02) | 2/3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| AgriPhage | low (BM 02) | 2/3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| BacStop | low (BM 01) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Blight Ban | low (BM 02) | 2/3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Blossom Protect | low (BM 02) | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Copper2 | low (M1) | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Dart | low (BM 01) | 2/3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Double Nickel 55 | low (BM 02) | 2/3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| LifeGard | low (P 06, BM 02) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Lime sulfur/sulfur3 | low (M2) | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Regalia | low (P 05, BM 01) | 2/3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Sanitizers6 | low | 2/3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Serenade | low (BM 02) | 2/3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rating: 5 = excellent and consistent, 4 = good and reliable, 3 = moderate and variable, 2 = limited and/or erratic, 1 = minimal and often ineffective, 0 = ineffective. |
| 1 Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of action. Fungicides with different group numbers are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program. In California, make no more than one application of a fungicide with a mode-of-action group number associated with high resistance risk before rotating to a fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number; for other fungicides, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number. |
| 2 Though copper may be effective for scab and blight control under low disease pressure, copper products may cause fruit scarring or russeting. |
| 3 "Burns out" scab twig lesions when applied at delayed dormant and disrupts pseudothecial (or ascostroma) development when applied to leaves in fall. CAUTION: Lime Sulfur is incompatible with most other pesticides when used after budbreak. Check before use. Sulfur products are also used to thin flowers because of their phytotoxicity and indirectly control fire blight. |
| 4 Plant growth regulators (PGR) such as prohexadione calcium (Apogee) can be used in an integrated approach to reduce host susceptibility but do not have antibiotic activity against fire blight. |
| 5 Biologicals: FRAC groups are provided as BM-No. or P-No. groups. In general, sulfur compounds are fungicidal and may affect applications of fungal biocontrols (e.g., Blossom Protect); whereas copper may affect applications of bacterial biocontrols (e.g., Actinovate, Bloomtime Biological, Blight Ban, Double Nickel 55, and Serenade). Rotations must consider these factors. |
| 6 Sanitizers such peroxyacetic acid (e.g., Oxidate, ZeroTol, Perasan A) are oxidizers that act immediately on contact. They are neutralized rapidly by reducing agents and are non-persistent. Note: ZeroTol is registered only on apple, but not on pears. Perasan A is for postharvest use in sanitizing fruit only. |
| 7 Higher numbers of indicate higher phytotoxicity. |
Acknowledgment: Adaskaveg et al., 2022. Fungicides, Bactericides, Biocontrols, and Natural Products for Deciduous Tree Fruit and Nut, Citrus, Strawberry, and Vine Crops in California. (PDF)