| H = high M = moderate L = low — = no information |
| I = Do not apply or allow to drift to plants that are flowering, including weeds. Do not allow pesticide to contaminate water accessible to bees, including puddles. |
| II = Do not apply or allow to drift to plants that are flowering, including weeds, except when the application is made between sunset and midnight if allowed by the label and regulations. Do not allow pesticide to contaminate water accessible to bees, including puddles. |
| III = No bee precaution, except when required by the label or regulations. |
| 1 |
Group numbers for insecticides and miticides are assigned by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). Rotate pesticides with a different mode-of-action group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a group number of 1B; insecticides with a 1B group number should be alternated with insecticides that have a group number other than 1B. For more information, see irac-online.org. |
| 2 |
Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups. |
| 3 |
Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific insecticide depends on factors including the application rate, environmental conditions, and life stages and species of parasite or predator |
| 4 |
For more information about pesticide synergistic effects, see Bee Precaution Pesticide Rating. |
| 5 |
Duration: Short means hours to days; moderate means days to two weeks; and long means many weeks or months. |
| * |
Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use. |
Acknowledgments: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work
on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M.L. and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.