Nymph of European fruit lecanium scale, Parthenolecanium corni, blackened by the presence of a parasitic wasp, Coccophagus lecanii. An unparasitized nymph (right) is brown to orangish.

European fruit lecanium nymph parasitized by Coccophagus lecanii (Aphelinidae) next to healthy nymph. 4X. UC Davis Arboretum. Credit: Jack Kelly Clark
Credit: Jack Kelly Clark