Seasonal development and life cycle of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae.

Illustration of the life cycle of grape phylloxera. Activity is shown below soil surface. In the center shows the cycle on roots. On roots, adults lay eggs which hatch to nymphs. Nymphs either develop into adults to continue the cycle on roots or develop into nymphs with wing pads. Winged forms develop from the nymphs with wing pads and go above ground. This is rare. Underground, new adults lay eggs which hatch to nymphs. These nymphs migrate to a healthy root or continue to infest the same healthy root. Credit: <i>Grape Pest Management</i>. Third Edition. UC ANR Publication 3343.
Credit: Grape Pest Management. Third Edition. UC ANR Publication 3343.