Use the photos below to identify weeds
in the field. Names link to more on
identification and biology.
Click on photos to enlarge
Barnyardgrass
(Echinochloa crus-galli) Grass family; summer annual; first leaf dull
gray green; stem flattened, purplish; no ligule. |
Large crabgrass
(Digitaria sanguinalis): Grass family; summer annual;
first leaf blade linear to lance shaped, with stiff, jagged,
and papery ligule; hairs on margins of the collar wide; no auricles;
leaves covered with coarse hairs; leaves rolled in bud. |
Black nightshade
(Solanum nigrum): Nightshade family; summer annual or short-lived perennial;
seed leaves oval and pointed; first true leaves spade shaped with smooth edges;
lower surfaces often purple; petioles stems and leaves with some hairs. |
Tumble pigweed
(Amaranthus albus): Pigweed family; summer annual; seed leaves 3 to 5
times longer than wide, bright green on surface, magenta on underside; first
true leaves spatulate, dark green with wavy margins, red color underneath; midrib
with notched tip and bristle at end. |
Redroot pigweed
(Amaranthus retroflexus): Pigweed family; summer annual; seed leaves long
and narrow with red undersides; first true leaves with notched tips and much
broader than seed leaves. |
Prostrate pigweed
(Amaranthus blitoides): Pigweed family; summer annual; seed leaves narrow,
pointed, 6 to 8 times longer than wide, with magenta undersides; first true leaves
broader, with shiny upper surface and usually magenta-tinged undersides; edges
somewhat rough. |
Common cocklebur
(Xanthium strumarium): Sunflower family; summer annual; seed leaves bright
green, shiny on upper surface, pointed, and about 6 times longer than wide; true
leaves on seedlings notched on margins and taper to leaf tip; bur may remain
attached to base of seedling. |
Common lambsquarters
(Chenopodium album): Goosefoot family; summer annual; seed leaves are
narrow, with nearly parallel sides; seed leaves and early true leaves dull blue
green above and often purple below; young leaves have mealy appearance from coating
of fine translucent granules. |
Junglerice
(Echinochloa colona): Grass family; summer annual; grayish, dull green
first leaves; several purple bands on surface of leaf blade; no ligule, no auricle. |
Common purslane
(Portulaca oleracea): Purslane family; summer annual; seed leaves oblong,
somewhat club shaped, succulent, maroon on lower surface, and green or maroon
on upper surface; young leaves smooth, succulent, oblong, green on upper surface,
maroonish underneath, and broadest around leaf tip, with short petioles. |
Morningglories
(Ipomoea spp.): Morningglory family; summer annuals or perennials; seed
leaves deeply notched; heart-shaped first true leaves with deep lobes at base;
stem below seed leaves maroon at base and green toward leaf tip. |
Common sunflower
(Helianthus annuus): Sunflower family; summer annual; seed leaves oblong,
joined at base, smooth; first true leaves opposite, elliptical, dull green, covered
with short bristly hairs rough to the touch; later leaves alternate, elliptical
to lance shaped. |
Russian thistle
(Salsola tragus): Goosefoot family; summer annual; cotyledons and first
true leaves long and thin; first leaves are fleshy, soft, and weakly spine-tipped;
stems slender and flexible, often with reddish purple striations along their
length. |
Groundcherries
(Physalis spp.): Nightshade family; summer annual or perennial; seed leaves
yellow green to gray green; first leaves oval to triangular, with smooth or slightly
wavy margins, and a strong odor when crushed. |
Witchgrass
(Panicum capillare): Grass family; summer annual; ligule is a fringe of
short hairs; auricles are absent; light green to red purple and resembles crabgrass
seedling but has slightly narrower leaf blades and longer silky hairs with swollen
bases. |
Hairy nightshade
(Solanum physalifolium=Solanum sarrachoides): Nightshade family; summer
annual; seed leaves narrow, small, and lance shaped with very short soft hairs
along edges; first true leaves with wavy edges and prominent veins. |
Velvetleaf
(Abutilon theophrasti): Mallow family; summer annual; seed leaves covered
with fine, soft hairs; seedlings with one round seed leaf, the other sometimes
slightly heart shaped; first true leaves thin and dull, light green, with prominent
veins on underside. |
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