The life stages of California red scale, <i>Aonidiella aurantii</i>, preferred by its three primary parasites: <i>Aphytis melinus</i>, <i>Comperiella bifasciata</i>, and <i>Encarsia pernisiosi</i>. The shaded cells indicate the host life stages when each parasite species is observable with a hand lens.
The life stages of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, preferred by its three primary parasites: Aphytis melinus, Comperiella bifasciata, and Encarsia pernisiosi. The shaded cells indicate the host life stages when each parasite species is observable with a hand lens.
Credit: University of California Integrated Pest Management Program