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Figure

Life cycle of greenhouse whitefly and Encarsia formosa. The parasite prefers to lay eggs in third-instar and early fourth-instar whiteflies, which darken (the black scale stage) about 7 to 10 days after becoming parasitized. The parasite develops through three larval stages within the whitefly nymph, then pupates, emerges as an adult, and flies off to parasitize other whiteflies.

Adapted from Flint, M.L., and S.H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: The Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat. Res. 3386, p. 69.

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