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Phenology Model Database

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Navel Orangeworm

Scientific name: Amyelois transitella

Phenology models predict timing of events in an organism's development. For many organisms which cannot internally regulate their own temperature, development is dependent on temperatures to which they are exposed in the environment.

Information in this database comes from published articles. It may be used in conjunction with field monitoring and a degree-day calculator.

Note: Before using a model that was not field tested in your location, you should test the model for one or more seasons under your conditions to verify that it will work for you.

Model 1 of 3

Sanderson, J. P., M. M. Barnes, and W. S. Seaman. 1989. Synthesis and validation of a degree-day model for navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) development in California almond orchards. Environ. Ent. 18: 612-617.

Location of study: Butte, Kern, and Tulare Counties, CA (field studies)

Developmental thresholds

Lower: 55.0°F (12.8°C)

Upper: 93.9°F (34.4°C)

Method of calculation: Double Triangle

Cutoff method: Vertical Cutoff

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Host: Mummy Almonds DD (°F) DD (°C)

Generation time (adult to adult): 1092.6 607.0

Host: New Crop Almonds DD (°F) DD (°C)

Generation time (adult to adult): 738.0 410.0

Model 2 of 3

Seaman, W. S., and M. M. Barnes. 1984. Thermal summation for the development of the navel orangeworm in almond (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ. Entomol. 13: 81-85.

Location of study: Kern County, California (field studies)

Developmental thresholds

Lower: 55.0°F (12.8°C)

Upper: 93.9°F (34.4°C)

Method of calculation: Double Triangle

Cutoff method: Vertical Cutoff

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Host: Mummy Almonds DD (°F) DD (°C)

Generation time (egg to adult): 1121.4 623.0

Host: New Crop Almonds DD (°F) DD (°C)

Generation time (egg to adult): 765.9 425.5

Model 3 of 3

Engle, C. E. and M. M. Barnes. 1983. Developmental threshold temperature and heat unit accumulation required for egg hatch of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ. Entomol. 12: 1215-1217.

Location of study: Kern County, California (laboratory and field studies) Field studies validated model based on laboratory data.

Developmental threshold

Lower: 55.0°F (12.8°C)

Method of calculation: Double Triangle

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

DD (°F) DD (°C)

Eggs: 99.9 55.5

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