Research and IPM

Phenology Model Database

Western Cherry Fruit Fly

Scientific name: Rhagoletis indifferens

Phenology models predict timing of events in an organism's development. For many organisms which cannot internally regulate their own temperature, development is dependent on temperatures to which they are exposed in the environment.

Note: Before using a model that was not field tested in your location, you should test the model for one or more seasons under your conditions to verify that it will work for you.

Model 1 of 5

AliNiazee, M. T. 1976. Thermal unit requirements for determining adult emergence of the Western cherry fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Environ. Ent. 5: 397-402.

Location of study: Albany, Oregon (field studies)

Developmental threshold

Lower:

41.0°F

(5.0°C)

Method of calculation: Max-min method (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Start date: March 1

Model 2 of 5

AliNiazee, M. T. 1979. A computerized phenology model for predicting biological events of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae). Can. Ent. 111: 1101-1109.

Location of study: Albany, Oregon (field studies)

Developmental threshold

Lower:

41.0°F

(5.0°C)

Method of calculation: Max-min method (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Start date: March 1

Model 3 of 5

Van Kirk, J. R., AliNiazee., and M. T. 1981. Determining low-temperature threshold for pupal development of the Western cherry fruit fly for use in phenology models. Environ. Ent. 10: 968-971.

Location of study: Albany, Oregon (field studies)

Developmental threshold

Lower:

47.0°F

(8.3°C) (soil temperatures at 2 inches (5.1cm))

Method of calculation: Max-min method (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Start date: March 1

Model 4 of 5

Jones, V. P., D. G. Alston, J. F. Brunner, D. W. Davis, and M. D. Shelton. 1991. Phenology of the Western cherry fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Utah and Washington. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 84: 488-492.

Location of study: Utah and Washington (field studies)

Developmental thresholds

Lower:	41°F	(5°C)
Upper:	none

Method of calculation: Single Sine

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Host: Sweet and sour cherries	DD (°F)	DD (°C)
Flies first detected (Utah):	1031	573
Flies first detected (Washington):	1066	592

Model 5 of 5

Stark, S. B., and M. T. AliNiazee. 1982. Model of Postdiapause development in the Western Cherry Fruit Fly. Environ. Ent. 11: 471-474.

Location of study: Albany, Oregon (laboratory studies)

Developmental thresholds

Lower:	48.2°F	( 9.0°C)
Upper:	90.0°F	(32.2°C)

Method of calculation:	1/(development rate) (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)
Cutoff method:	Vertical

Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development

Start date: March 1