Phenology models predict timing of events in an organism's development. For many organisms which cannot internally regulate their own temperature, development is dependent on temperatures to which they are exposed in the environment.
Information in this database comes from published articles. It may be used in conjunction with field monitoring and a degree-day calculator.
Note: Before using a model that was not field tested in your location, you should test the model for one or more seasons under your conditions to verify that it will work for you.
Model 1
1983. Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), egg eclosion: degree-day accumulations. Environ. Entomol. 12: 929-932.
- Location of study: New Hampshire (laboratory studies)
- Lower developmental threshold: 37.4°F (3.0°C)
- Method of calculation: Double Sine
- Cutoff method: Horizontal Cutoff
Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development
Start date: January 1
Host: Mixed Hardwood
- Egg mass eclosion: 507.6 (°F) 282.0 (°C)
Model 2
Carter, M. R., F. W. Ravlin, and M. L. McManus. 1992. Effect of defoliation on gypsy moth phenology and capture of male moths in pheromone-baited traps. Environ. Entomol. 21: 1308-1318.
- Location of study: Virginia (field studies)
- Lower developmental threshold: 45.7°F (7.6°C)
- Upper developmental threshold: 105.8°F (41.0°C)
- Method of calculation: Double Sine
- Cutoff method: Horizontal Cutoff
Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development
Host: Oak species
- egg hatch to first pupa: 815-1186 (°F) 453-659 (°C)
- 50% pupation: 925-1186 (°F) 514-659 (°C)
Model 3
Russo, J. M., A. M. Liebhold, and J. G. W. Kelley. 1993. Mesoscale weather data as input to gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) phenology model. J. Econ. Entomol. 86: 838-844.
- Location of study: Pennsylvania and West Virginia
- Lower developmental threshold: 37.4°F (3.0°C)
- Upper developmental threshold: 104.0°F (40.0°C)
- Method of calculation: Double Sine
- Cutoff method: Horizontal Cutoff
Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development
Start date: January 1
Host: Hardwoods
- Egg mass ecolsion: 570.6 (°F) 317.0 (°C)
