Phenology models predict timing of events in an organism's development. For many organisms which cannot internally regulate their own temperature, development is dependent on temperatures to which they are exposed in the environment.
Information in this database comes from published articles. It may be used in conjunction with field monitoring and a degree-day calculator.
Note: Before using a model that was not field tested in your location, you should test the model for one or more seasons under your conditions to verify that it will work for you.
Model 1
Toba, H. H., A. N. Kishaba, R. Pangaldan and P. V. Vail 1973. Temperature and the development of the cabbage looper. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66: 965-974.
- Location of study: Riverside, California (laboratory studies)
- Lower developmental threshold: 50.0°F (10.0°C)
- Upper developmental threshold: 90.0°F (32.2°C)
- Method of calculation: not specified (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)
- Cutoff method: not specified (UC IPM recommends Horizontal)
Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development
Host: Artificial diet
- Eggs: 98.3 (°F) 54.6 (°C)
- Larvae: 419.6 (°F) 233.1 (°C)
- Pupae: 273.6 (°F) 152.0 (°C)
- Generation time (egg to adult): 791.5 (°F) 439.7 (°C)
Model 2
Butler, G. D., Jr., A. G. Hamilton and A. C. Bartlett. 1975. Development of the dark strain of cabbage looper in relation to temperature. Environ. Entomol. 4: 619-620.
- Location of study: Phoenix, Arizona (laboratory studies)
- Lower developmental threshold: 51.7°F (10.9°C)
- Method of calculation: not specified (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)
Host: Artificial diet
- Eggs: 89.1 (°F) 49.5 (°C)
- Larvae: 331.0 (°F) 183.9 (°C)
- Pupae: 196.7 (°F) 109.3 (°C)
- Generation time (egg to adult): 616.9 (°F) 342.7 (°C)
