Phenology models predict timing of events in an organism's development. For many organisms which cannot internally regulate their own temperature, development is dependent on temperatures to which they are exposed in the environment.
Information in this database comes from published articles. It may be used in conjunction with field monitoring and a degree-day calculator.
Note: Before using a model that was not field tested in your location, you should test the model for one or more seasons under your conditions to verify that it will work for you.
Model 1
Story, R. N., A. J. Keaster, W. B. Showers and J. T. Shaw. 1984.Survey and phenology of cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting field corn in the midwest.J. Econ. Entomol. 77: 491-494.
Location of study: Missouri, Illinois, Iowa (field studies) Black cutworm presence in the field was far ahead of the predictions of development based on laboratory data.
- Location of study: Missouri, Illinois, Iowa (field studies) Black cutworm presence in the field was far ahead of the predictions of development based on laboratory data.
- Lower developmental threshold: 50.7°F (10.4°C)
- Method of calculation: Sine wave (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)
Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development
Start date: January
- Set out traps: 90.0 (°F) 50.0 (°C)
- 4th & 5th instar larvae: 225.0 (°F) 125.0 (°C)
Model 2
Luckmann, W. H., J. T. Shaw, D. W. Sherrod and W. G. Ruesink. 1976.Developmental rate of the black cutworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 69: 386-388.
- Location of study: Urbana, Illinois (laboratory studies)
- Lower developmental threshold: 50.7°F (10.4°C)
- Upper developmental threshold: 86.0°F (30.0°C)
- Method of calculation: not specified (UC IPM recommends Single Sine)
- Cutoff method: not specified (UC IPM recommends Horizontal)
Degree-day accumulations required for each stage of development
Host: Pinto bean diet
- Eggs: 93.6 (°F) 52.0 (°C)
- Larvae: 635.4 (°F) 353.0 (°C)
- Pupae: 428.4 (°F) 238.0 (°C)
- Generation time (egg to adult): 1157.4 (°F) 643.0 (°C)
