To confirm the presence of Armillaria, look for thin white leathery patches of fungus by carefully peeling the bark away from the trunk just below the soil line; if the fungus has not girdled the vine, check several areas. The fungus has a characteristic fresh mushroom odor and occasionally after a heavy rain in fall it may form clusters of mushrooms at the base of infected vines. Dark shoestringlike structures develop and grow into the healthy underground tissue.
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