| Common name (Example trade name) | Mode of Action1 | Selectivity2 (affected groups) | Predatory mites3 | General predators4 | Parasite4 | Honey bees5 | Duration of impact to natural enemies6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetamiprid (Assail) | 4A | moderate (sucking insects, larvae) | —7 | —8 | — | II | moderate |
| Azadirachtin (Aza-Direct, Neemix) | un | broad (insects, mites) | M | L/M | L/M | II | short |
| Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai | 11A | narrow (caterpillars) | L | L | L | II | short |
| Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki | 11A | narrow (caterpillars) | L | L | L | III | short |
| Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) | 28 | narrow (primarily caterpillars) | L | L | L/M | III | short |
| Cyromazine (Trigard) | 17 | narrow (leafminers) | L | L | L | II | short |
| Diazinon–foliar | 1B | broad (insects, mites) | L | H | H | I | moderate to long |
| Diazinon–granular | 1B | narrow (soil insects) | L | L | L | III | short |
| Imidacloprid (Admire) | 4A | narrow (sucking insects, beet armyworm, cutworms) | — | L | — | I | — |
| Imidacloprid (Provado) | 4A | narrow (sucking insects) | — | — | H | I | short to moderate |
| Insecticidal soap (M-Pede) | un | broad (exposed insects, mites) | M | M | M | III | short |
| Methomyl (Lannate) | 1A | broad (insects, mites) | H | H | H | I | moderate |
| Methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) | 18 | narrow (caterpillars) | L | L | L | II | short |
| Permethrin (Ambush) | 3A | broad (insects, mites) | L | H | H | I | long |
| Pymetrozine (Fulfill) | 9B | narrow (aphids) | L | L | L | II | short |
| Spinetoram (Radiant) | 5 | narrow (caterpillars, aphids, leafminers) | L/H | M9 | L/M | II | moderate10 |
| Spinosad (Entrust, Success) | 5 | narrow (caterpillars, aphids, leafminers) | L | M9 | L/M | II | short to moderate |
| Spirotetramat (Movento) | 23 | narrow (primarily aphids) | L | L | L | II | short |
| Thiodicarb (Larvin) | 1A | narrow (caterpillars) | L | L | L | II | — |
| Zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang) | 3A | broad (insects, mites) | H | M | M | I | moderate |
| H = high M = moderate L = low — = no information un = unknown or uncertain mode of action | |
| 1 | Rotate chemicals with a different mode-of-action Group number, and do not use products with the same mode-of-action Group number more than twice per season to help prevent the development of resistance. For example, the organophosphates have a Group number of 1B; chemicals with a 1B Group number should be alternated with chemicals that have a Group number other than 1B. Mode of action Group numbers are assigned by IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee). |
| 2 | Selectivity: broad means it affects most groups of insects and mites; narrow means it affects only a few specific groups. |
| 3 | Toxicities are to western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis. |
| 4 | Toxicities are averages of reported effects and should be used only as a general guide. Actual toxicity of a specific chemical depends on the species of predator or parasite, environmental conditions, and application rate. |
| 5 | Ratings are as follows: I—Do not apply or allow to drift to plants that are flowering; II—Do not apply or allow to drift to plants that are flowering, except when the application is made between sunset and midnight if allowed by the pesticide label and regulations; III—No bee precaution, except when required by the pesticide label or regulations. For more information about pesticide synergistic effects, see Bee Precaution Pesticide Ratings. |
| 6 | Duration: short means hours to days; moderate means days to 2 weeks; and long means many weeks or months. |
| 7 | May cause flare-ups of spider mite populations. |
| 8 | Does not kill adults but sterilizes females. |
| 9 | Toxic against some natural enemies (predatory thrips, syrphid fly and lacewing larvae, beetles) when sprayed and up to 5-7 days after, especially for syrphid fly larvae. |
| 10 | Residual is moderate if solution is between ph of 7 to 8. |
Acknowledgements: This table was compiled based on research data and experience of University of California scientists who work on a variety of crops and contribute to the Pest Management Guideline database, and from Flint, M. L. and S. H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook: An Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control, ANR Publication 3386.
Text Updated: 12/09