Weeds Pages
| Common name | Amount per acre | REI‡ | PHI‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Example trade name) | (hours) | (days) | ||
| Not all registered pesticides are listed. The following are listed alphabetically. When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to environmental impact, resistance management, the pesticide’s properties, and application timing. Tank mixes may be necessary to achieve desired control; see Susceptibility of Weeds to Herbicide Control for information on specific weed control. Always read the label of the product being used. | ||||
| FALLOW PERIOD, PREPLANT, or PREEMERGENCE | ||||
| CARFENTRAZONE | 0.008–0.031 lb a.i. | |||
| (Shark EW) | 0.5–2 fl oz | 12 | 7 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 | ||||
| COMMENTS: A contact herbicide used to control or suppress broadleaf weeds. Coverage is essential for good control. Can be mixed with glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, or dicamba. Glufosinate has a 70-day plantback interval with small grains. No PHI is required if applied during a fallow period. Apply as a burndown treatment no later than 1 day after planting. | ||||
| DICAMBA* | 1 lb a.e. | |||
| (Clarity) | 32 fl oz | 24 | NA | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. Apply after harvest or before planting. Use high rates for perennial weeds, but do not exceed 2 lb during any fallow periods. See label for rotational restrictions. | ||||
| FLUMIOXAZIN | 0.0313–0.6266 lb a.i. | |||
| (Chateau EZ) | 1–2 fl oz | 12 | NA | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 | ||||
| COMMENTS: Chateau has burndown and residual activity on broadleaf weeds. A minimum of 30 days must pass, with 1 inch of rainfall, before planting wheat. | ||||
| GLYPHOSATE | 0.3867–1.125 lb a.e. | |||
| (Roundup PowerMax) | 11–44 fl oz | 4 | NA | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 9 | ||||
| COMMENTS: A nonselective, translocated, postemergence herbicide; apply with nonionic surfactant anytime. Use higher rates for larger weeds and perennials. Can be mixed with 2,4-D or dicamba (see 2,4-D and dicamba labels for restrictions on tank mix combinations). | ||||
| PARAQUAT* | 0.0878–1.395 lb a.i. | |||
| (Gramoxone SL 3.0) | 1.7–2.7 pt | 48 | NA | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 22 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, rye, and oats. A nonselective, postemergence herbicide. Rate varies with weed size; use lower rate on weeds 1 to 3 inches tall. Apply with nonionic surfactant before weeds are 6 inches tall. No soil residual activity. Good coverage is essential. | ||||
| PYRAFLUFEN-ETHYL | 0.0008–0.00325 lb a.i. | |||
| (ETX Herbicide/Defoliant) | 0.3–1.25 fl oz | 12 | NA | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 | ||||
| COMMENTS: A contact herbicide effective at very low use rates on many broadleaves. Combining pyraflufen-ethyl with phenoxy herbicides or dicamba broadens the weed spectrum controlled. | ||||
| SAFLUFENACIL | 0.023–0.045 lb a.i. | |||
| (Sharpen) | 3–4 fl oz | 12 | NA | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 | ||||
| COMMENTS: Apply from early preplant to preemergence. Sharpen has burndown and residual activity on broadleaf weeds. Performance is dependent on the amount of rainfall and soil texture. | ||||
| TRIBENURON-METHYL | 0.0078–0.0156 lb a.i. | |||
| (Express Herbicide) | 0.25–0.5 oz | 12 | 45 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 | ||||
| COMMENTS: See label for information regarding potential tank mix partners. Adding an adjuvant, such as NIS (nonionic surfactant), COC (crop oil concentrate), or MSO (methylated seed oil), is important for good control of emerged weeds. Adjuvants can be applied after planting wheat, barley, or triticale but before the crop emerges. Unacceptable injury may occur on the crop if Express is applied after emergence but before the 4-leaf stage. | ||||
| POSTPLANT | ||||
| Before weeds emerge | ||||
| PENDIMETHALIN | 0.71–1.43 lb a.i. | |||
| (Prowl H2O) | 1.5–3 pt | 24 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and triticale. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Preharvest interval is 11 days for forage, 28 days for hay, and 60 days for grain and straw. | ||||
| TRIFLURALIN | 0.5–0.75 lb a.i. | |||
| (Treflan HFP) | 1–1.5 pt | 12 | — | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 3 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and barley. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. For fall applications, extended rotational restrictions (between 14 and 20 months) may apply, depending on tillage, irrigation, and the rotational crop being planted. Utilized as a postplant incorporated treatment for spring-planted barley. See label for restrictions. Rate is dependent on soil texture, with the higher rate being allowed for finer soils. | ||||
| After weeds emerge | ||||
| 2,4-D AMINE* | 0.25–1 lb a.e. | |||
| (2,4-D Amine 4) | 0.5–2 pt | 48 | 14 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, rye, and oats. Application before well-tillered stage and after jointing stage may cause yield reductions. Higher application rates may also result in crop injury even if applied at the correct growth stage. Barley is more susceptible than wheat. For oats, apply no more than 1.5 pt/acre. Use is restricted in some counties. Immature crops (forage) may be grazed or cut for hay 30 days after treatment. Mature straw and grain may be fed to livestock 45 days after treatment. Restricted use between February 15 and October 15. | ||||
| BROMOXYNIL | 0.25–0.5 lb a.e. | |||
| (Maestro 4EC) | 0.5–1 pt | 24 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 6 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. Apply to crop from 2-leaf stage until just before the boot stage. For oats, apply to crop from emergence until just before the boot stage. For best results, apply when weeds are in the early seedling stage. Does not effectively control wild mustard greater than 3 inches in diameter. Do not graze for 45 days. A minimum of 10 gal water/acre is essential for best control, especially when weeds are larger or if small grain has a dense canopy. May temporarily burn oats. Rates over 0.5 pt/acre may increase oat injury. Injury is greater during moisture stress and freezing temperatures. Adding foliar nitrogen will increase injury. | ||||
| CARFENTRAZONE | 0.008–0.016 lb a.i. | |||
| (Shark EW) | 0.5–1 fl oz | 12 | See label | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For selective postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. For best control, apply to small weeds when the crop is 4 inches tall to the jointing stage. Can cause necrosis and temporary stunting. Can be applied to aid harvest at rates of up to 2 fl oz. Do not apply more than 2 fl oz/acre per season. Has the potential to move off target if applied under inversion conditions. | ||||
| CHLORSULFURON | 0.008–0.0155 lb a.i. | |||
| (Glean XP) | 0.17–0.33 oz | 4 | 45 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. Apply to crop from the 2- to 3-leaf stage until the boot stage and when weeds are less than 2 inches tall or 2 inches across. Do not apply on soils above pH 7.5 without understanding the impact on replanting intervals. Apply on land used only for small grains. For barley, use only in dryland conditions. For oats, must be tank mixed with dicamba or bromoxynil if weeds are present at application time. For barley and oats, use with a surfactant. Do not apply more than 0.015 lb a.i./acre per 18-month period. Also has soil activity to control weeds as they germinate. Crop stress from extreme weather, pests, or poor soil will increase the risk of crop injury from the herbicide. Soil residual activity can injure crops other than wheat, barley, or oats for 2 to 3 years or more. See label for rotational restrictions that are longer on soils with a higher (basic) pH. | ||||
| CLOPYRALID | 0.0935–0.125 lb a.e. | |||
| (Stinger) | 0.25–0.33 pt | 12 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, barley, and oats. Do not permit lactating dairy animals or meat animals being finished for slaughter to forage or graze treated grain fields within 1 week after treatment. Do not harvest hay from treated grain fields. See other label restrictions regarding grazing and use of hay, straw, and manure from treated fields. Rotational intervals can be as long as 18 months, depending on the rotation crop being planted. | ||||
| DICAMBA* | 0.0625–0.125 lb a.e. | |||
| (Clarity) | 2–4 fl oz | 24 | See label | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. For wheat, triticale, and barley, apply when crop is at the 2- to 3-leaf stage (before well tillered) and weeds have 2 to 3 leaves. For oats, apply before the 5-leaf stage and when weeds have 2 to 3 leaves. Do not apply by air if sensitive crops are nearby. Usually mixed with MCPA or carfentrazone. Injury increases when mixed with 2,4-D or bromoxynil herbicides. For oats, injury is also more likely to increase when mixed with MCPA. May cause grain to temporarily flatten. Use is restricted in some counties. | ||||
| FENOXAPROP | 0.0412–0.0825 lb a.i. | |||
| (Puma 1EC) | 0.33–0.66 pt | 24 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and barley. For wheat, applications can be made from emergence to 70 days prior to harvest. For barley, applications can be made from emergence up to the 5-leaf growth stage and not within 57 days of harvest. May be tank mixed with bromoxynil. | ||||
| FLUROXYPYR/BROMOXYNIL/MCPA ESTER* | 0.0837–0.1256 lb a.e./0.2087–0.3131 lb a.e./0.2087–0.3131 lb a.e. | |||
| (Cleansweep M) | 1–1.5 pt | 24 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4/6/4 | ||||
| COMMENTS: Fluroxypyr is currently available in only a premix product for use on wheat, barley, and oats. Weed control may be reduced and crop injury risk is higher when temperatures are near freezing and/or soil moisture is low just before, during, or immediately after an herbicide application. Preharvest interval is 14 days for cutting, 40 days for grain, and 45 days for forage or grazing. | ||||
| IMAZAMOX | 0.031–0.047 lb a.e. | |||
| (Beyond Xtra) | 4–6 fl oz | 4 | 0 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on only Clearfield or Clearfield Plus winter wheat. | ||||
| MCPA* | 0.25–0.75 lb a.e. | |||
| (MCPA-4 Amine) | 0.5–1.6 pt | 48 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 4 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. Apply to crop from the 3- to 4-leaf stage to the boot stage. Causes less injury than 2,4-D causes at early growth stages. A higher rate can be used during later growth stages. Restricted use between February 15 and October 15. Do not graze for 7 days following application. Meat animals should not feed on the treated crop within 7 days of slaughter. | ||||
| MESOSULFURON | 0.2137 lb a.i. | |||
| (Osprey) | 4.75 oz | 4 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and triticale. Can be applied from wheat emergence to the 2-tiller stage (Feekes 5). Apply with either a methylated seed oil or a basic blend adjuvant. Do not make more than 1 application per growing season. Often causes temporary yellowing that typically goes away in 2 weeks. Wheat injury can be severe if a freeze occurs following an application. Preharvest interval is 30 days for wheat or triticale forage, and 60 days for hay, grain, and straw. See label for plantback restrictions. | ||||
| PINOXADEN | 0.0538 lb a.i. | |||
| (Axial XL) | 16.4 fl oz | 48 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 1 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and barley. Selective grass herbicide. Can be applied from the 2-leaf stage until just before the boot stage. Preharvest interval is 30 days for silage and grazing livestock and 60 days for grain and straw. | ||||
| PYRAFLUFEN-ETHYL | 0.0008–0.0016 lb a.i. | |||
| (ETX Herbicide/Defoliant) | 0.3–0.6 fl oz | 12 | See comments | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 14 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and triticale. A contact herbicide that is effective at very low use rates on many broadleaf weeds. Can cause leaf speckling, but crop growth is unaffected. Combining pyraflufen-ethyl with phenoxy herbicides or dicamba expands the range of weeds that can be controlled. Do not harvest wheat hay or triticale within 21 days after treatment. Wheat and triticale may be harvested for grain 60 days after treatment. | ||||
| PYROXSULAM | 0.013 lb a.i. | |||
| (Simplicity CA) | 6.75 fl oz | 24 | 60 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat and triticale. Broadleaf and grass herbicide. Can be applied from the 3-leaf stage to jointing. Check the label for adverse environmental conditions, such as cold weather, that may affect crop injury. | ||||
| TRIBENURON-METHYL | 0.0063–0.0156 lb a.i. | |||
| (Express Herbicide) | 0.2–0.5 oz | 12 | 45 | |
| WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER1: 2 | ||||
| COMMENTS: For use on wheat, triticale, barley, and oats. Do not exceed more than two applications per season (combined maximum 0.5 oz/acre). Apply after 2-leaf stage but before development of flag leaf. For oats, Express must be tank mixed with another registered herbicide. Only one application on oats is allowed per season, and the maximum application rate for oats is 0.2 oz/acre. | ||||
| ‡ | Restricted entry interval (REI) is the number of hours (unless otherwise noted) from treatment until the treated area can be safely entered without personal protective equipment. Preharvest interval (PHI) is the number of days from treatment to harvest. In some cases, the REI exceeds the PHI. The longer of the two intervals is the minimum time that must elapse before harvest. |
| * | Permit required from county agricultural commissioner for purchase or use. |
| NA | Not applicable |
| 1 | Group numbers are assigned by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) according to different modes of action. Although weeds may exhibit multiple resistance across many groups, mode-of-action numbers are useful in planning mixtures or rotations of herbicides with different modes of action. For more information, see wssa.net. |
| — | No information |
Text Updated: 07/25
Treatment Table Updated: 07/25