| NATURAL ENEMY | DORMANT | BLOOM TIME | IN-SEASON | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Oil + pyrethroid1 | Oil + OP2 | Oil +IGRs3 | Oil + spinosad | Bt4 | IGRs3 | Oil | spinosad | IGR5 | OP2 | pyrethroid1 | spinosad | carbamate6 | Oil | Neo-nicotinoid7 | |
| aphid parasites (Aphidius spp.) | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | M | L-M8 | L9 | — | — | H | H |
| caterpillar parasite (Copidosoma,10 Macrocentrus) | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | M | M | H | H | M-H | H | — | H |
| lacewings | L | L | M | L | L | L | L | L | L | M | M | L–M | L-M | H | — | M |
| lady beetles (Chilocorus spp.) | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | M | L | H | H | H | H | — | — |
| minute pirate bugs | L | M | M | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | H | H | M | H | — | — |
| predatory mites (Galendromus sp., Typhlodromus sp.) | L | H | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | M | H | L | H | — | L |
| scale parasites (Aphytis sp.) | L | H | L | L | L–M | L | L | L | H | M | H | H | H | H | — | H |
| spiders | L | L | M | L | L | L | L | L | L | — | H | L | — | H | — | — |
| H = high M = moderate L = low — = no information |
| 1 pyrethroid (e.g. Asana, Warrior) |
| 2 OP = organophosphate (e.g. Diazinon, Guthion, Imidan) |
| 3 IGR = insect growth regulator (Dimilin, Intrepid, Esteem, Seize) |
| 4 Bt = Bacillus thuringensis |
| 5 Inseason use of some IGRs (e.g., methoxyfenozide-Intrepid) has a reproductive impact on parasites and lacewings |
| 6 carbamate (e.g. Sevin). |
| 7 neonicotinoids (Actara, Provado) |
| 8 inseason use of OPs on aphid parasites: Diazinon = M, Imidan = L |
| 9 inseason use of pyrethroids on aphid parasites: Asana = L, Warrior = — |
| 10 [=Paralitomastix] |