Barnyardgrass
(Echinochloa crus-galli) Grass family; summer annual; first
leaf dull gray-green; stem flattened, purplish; no ligule.
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Black nightshade
(Solanum nigrum): Nightshade family; summer annual;
seed leaves oval and pointed; first true leaves spade shaped with smooth
edges; lower surfaces often purple; petioles stems and leaves with
some hairs.
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Hairy fleabane
(Conyza bonariensis): Sunflower family; summer annual;
seed leaves gray-green; first leaves narrow and covered with short,
soft hairs; often wrinkled or distorted.
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Horseweed
(Conyza canadensis): Sunflower family; summer annual; seed leaves dull
green, oval with fine hairs, and with short stalks that sometimes may be tinged
with brown-purple; first true leaves covered with hairs on upper surface and
margins; undersides of early leaves smooth.
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Large crabgrass
(Digitaria sanguinalis): Grass family; summer annual; first
leaf blade linear to lance shaped, with stiff, jagged, and papery ligule;
hairs on margins of the collar wide; no auricles; leaves covered with
coarse hairs; leaves rolled in bud.
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Morningglories
(Ipomoea spp.): Morningglory family; summer annual; seed leaves deeply
notched; heart-shaped first true leaves with deep lobes at base; stem below seed
leaves maroon at base and green toward leaf tip.
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Puncturevine
(Tribulus terrestris): Caltrop family; summer annual; seed leaves thick,
brittle, 2 to 3 times longer than wide; petioles pinkish; true leaves dark green
with grayish underside and rough margins.
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Purple cudweed
(Gnaphalium purpureum): Sunflower family; winter annual, summer annual,
or biennial; seed leaves and first true leaves covered on both sides with whitish
hairs; seed leaves 2 to 3 times longer than wide.
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Tall annual willowherb
(Epibolium brachycarpum): Primrose family; summer
annual; seed leaves small, round, often dark reddish-green; true
leaves narrow, 4 to 5 times longer than wide, first true leaves opposite
and smooth around edges.
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Yellow foxtail
(Setaria pumila): Grass family; summer annual; first blade linear, roughly
7 times longer than wide and opens almost parallel to ground; leaves rolled in
bud; ligule—fringe of hairs; no auricles; no hairs on leaf-sheath margin
below collar; leaf blades of young seedlings smooth on lower surface, with long
hairs on basal area of upper surface; margins smooth or slightly rough.
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